The Value of Work

*Reaction Paper submitted to Prof. Ofreneo, IR 289

In analyzing the value of work, I am reminded of an anecdote that would best illustrate varied perspectives:

Three men are found smashing boulders with iron hammers. When asked what they are doing, the first man says, "Breaking big rocks into little rocks." The second man says, "Feeding my family." The third man says, "Building a cathedral."

It appears that the third man, the one who saw each hammer blow as contributing to the construction of a cathedral, puts some degree of value in work that others merely see as a means to an end. Perhaps he sees his work as a calling and derives satisfaction from the work itself.

Some people value their work only inasmuch as it is a source of income that enables the fulfillment of desired outcomes and activities, such as being able to support a family or cope with the demands of society. Job satisfaction therefore comes primarily from the income earned.

The International Labor Organization (ILO) values decent work or “work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men.” ILO programs strive to achieve the goal of decent work by finding solutions to what they call “decent work deficits” such as: unemployment and underemployment, poor quality and unproductive jobs, unsafe work and insecure income, rights which are denied, gender inequality, migrant workers who are exploited, lack of representation and voice, and inadequate protection and solidarity in the face of disease, disability and old age.

Decent work, as ILO explains it, sums up the many ways that an individual values work. An individual may value opportunity and income primarily in his work. He may also place a high value on rights, fairness, voice and recognition. He may aspire for family stability and personal development.

I will not elaborate anymore on how individuals may value such factors differently, and instead cite the interesting advocacy of a group called CLAWS or Creating Livable Alternatives to Wage Slavery.

CLAWS is a pro-leisure and anti-wage-slavery group of people dedicated to exploring the question: “why work?” Their website provides information, support, and resources for those looking for alternatives to traditional employment.

While CLAWS is not against “work” per se, they feel that people are now working long hours and most are not happy in their jobs. Their vision: “a world where everyone spends their days doing what they love, while all their needs are met, with ease, abundance and joy. Stress, strain, struggle and guilt are unknown and there is no concept of ‘work.’ All activity is experienced as play.”

In defining “wage slavery,” CLAWS point to individuals who feel trapped by forces beyond their control, trapped in a mindless job, for the sake of money, status or recognition. They complain that they never seem to have the time for what's really important to them, because their jobs take so much energy and focus that they hardly have anything left over.

They attempt to follow the typical route of going to school, getting good grades, landing a “good” job, making lots of money, buying a house and a car, having a beautiful family, and being “successful.” They plod along day to day, sometimes dreading getting out of bed in the morning. They work hard and hoping for the next promotion, waiting for the day when they can quit their dull jobs, and finally live their lives. Everything gets put on hold until they have more time or more money. Meanwhile, life passes them by. To them CLAWS says: You do not have to live your life that way.

CLAWS criticizes the mindset that results in people working against their will, and believing there is no other way to “survive,” which results in taking jobs out of joyless obligation, need for money, coercion, or a desire to “get ahead.” They seek to abolish “wage slavery” in which individuals think of work not just as effort expended in a productive process, but as a "necessary evil" - in other words, work is what they have to do so they can support themselves. They think of their job as something they would rather not do if it weren't for the money.

CLAWS’ advocacy may sound extreme, but my point here is that people need to put/find value in their work if they wish to live happy and meaningful lives. Rather than simply valuing their work as a job, a means to an end, or a “necessarily evil,” they can perhaps follow these steps as suggested by Jerry Lopper in his article A Path to Happiness Through Meaningful Work.

• Recognizing the greater good resulting from the work. A person's routine responsibilities in a hospital can take on greater meaning by recognizing the hospital's role in returning people to good health.
• Recognizing one's role in the larger organization. A person responsible for maintaining a home might see that a well maintained home provides a stable base for the family's health, safety, and growth.
• Focusing on the relationships involved in the work. A person providing child care services might see the work as enabling the children's parents to hold jobs with confidence in the children's safety.